Aztec code

Also called: Aztec, Aztec barcode

Definition

An Aztec code is a square 2D barcode built around a central bullseye finder pattern. It needs no quiet zone and is widely used on transport tickets and boarding passes.

How the bullseye works

An Aztec code is read from the center outward. The concentric squares in the middle form the finder pattern, and data is laid out in layers that wrap around it. Because the scanner locates the symbol from its center, no blank margin is required around the edges.

That makes Aztec practical on crowded tickets and on phone screens, where space is tight. It was invented in 1995 by Andrew Longacre Jr. and colleagues at Welch Allyn, and it is standardized as ISO/IEC 24778.

Sizes and capacity

Aztec comes in a compact form with a smaller bullseye and a full-range form for larger payloads. Unlike QR, the amount of error correction can be chosen across a wide range, with a recommended default of about a quarter of the symbol.

  • Smallest symbol: 15×15 modules (compact)
  • Largest symbol: 151×151 modules (full range)
  • Maximum capacity: up to 3,832 digits, 3,067 alphanumeric characters or 1,914 bytes
  • Quiet zone: not required

Where Aztec codes appear

Aztec is common on rail and public transport tickets, including many printed and mobile tickets in Europe. It is also one of the symbologies allowed for airline boarding passes, alongside PDF417 and QR, and it is used on some vehicle registration and ticketing documents.

Frequently asked questions

Does an Aztec code need a white border?

No. Its finder is in the center, so the scanner does not need a quiet zone around the edges.

Why do train tickets use Aztec codes?

Aztec is compact, works well on phone screens and tickets without margins, and is common in rail ticketing standards.

Can a phone read an Aztec code?

Many scanning apps and barcode SDKs read Aztec, though built-in camera apps focus on QR codes.

Sources and standards

All terms